Dandruff is a common scalp condition characterized by flaky skin.
While it’s not contagious or serious, it can be bothersome and difficult to manage.
For mild cases, using a gentle shampoo daily can help.
If that doesn’t work, a medicated shampoo might offer relief, although the symptoms can return over time.
Dandruff is a mild form of seborrheic dermatitis.
Symptoms
Signs of dandruff include:
- Skin flakes on the scalp, hair, eyebrows, beard, or shoulders
- Itchy scalp
- Scaly or crusty scalp in infants (known as cradle cap)
Stress and cold, dry weather can worsen symptoms.
When to See a Doctor
Most people with dandruff don’t need to see a doctor. However, if your symptoms don’t improve with regular dandruff shampoo, it’s a good idea to consult your primary care physician or a dermatologist.
Causes
Dandruff can be caused by various factors, such as:
- Oily or irritated skin
- Dry skin
- A yeastlike fungus (malassezia) that feeds on the oils on most adults’ scalps
- Sensitivity to hair care products (contact dermatitis)
- Other skin conditions like psoriasis or eczema
Risk Factors
While dandruff can affect anyone, some factors increase the likelihood of developing it:
- Age: Dandruff typically begins in young adulthood and may continue into middle age, although it can affect older adults as well.
- Gender: Males are more prone to dandruff than females.
- Health conditions: Diseases like Parkinson’s, HIV, or other conditions that weaken the immune system can increase the risk of dandruff.
