Eczema, or atopic dermatitis, is a condition that causes dry, itchy, and inflamed skin.
While it’s most commonly seen in children, it can develop at any age.
Eczema is chronic, with symptoms flaring up periodically, but it is not contagious.
People with eczema are also more likely to develop conditions like food allergies, hay fever, and asthma.
To manage eczema, regular moisturizing and good skincare practices can help reduce itching and prevent flare-ups.
Medicated creams or ointments may also be needed for treatment.
Symptoms
Eczema symptoms can appear anywhere on the body and can vary greatly between individuals. These symptoms may include:
- Dry, cracked skin
- Intense itching (pruritus)
- Rashes on swollen skin, which may vary in color based on skin tone
- Small, raised bumps, especially on brown or Black skin
- Oozing and crusting
- Thickened skin
- Darkening around the eyes
- Raw, sensitive skin from scratching
Eczema often begins before age 5 and can persist into adolescence or adulthood. Some people may experience flare-ups followed by long periods of remission, sometimes lasting for years.
Causes
In some cases, eczema is linked to genetic factors that affect the skin’s protective abilities. A weakened skin barrier makes it difficult for the skin to retain moisture and defend against bacteria, irritants, allergens, and environmental factors like tobacco smoke.
For others, eczema may be caused by an overgrowth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria on the skin, which can disrupt the skin’s balance and barrier function. This can trigger an immune response, leading to inflammation and other eczema symptoms.
Eczema is a form of dermatitis, along with conditions like contact dermatitis and seborrheic dermatitis (dandruff). Dermatitis is not contagious.
Risk Factors
The main risk factor for eczema (atopic dermatitis) is a personal or family history of eczema, allergies, hay fever, or asthma. If close family members have these conditions, your risk of developing eczema may be higher.
