Prostate cancer occurs in the prostate, a small walnut-shaped gland in males that produces seminal fluid to nourish and transport sperm.
It is one of the most common cancers, with many cases growing slowly and remaining confined to the prostate without causing significant harm.
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However, some types can be aggressive and spread rapidly.
Symptoms
In early stages, prostate cancer often presents no symptoms. Advanced stages may cause:
– Difficulty urinating
– Reduced urine flow
– Blood in urine or semen
– Bone pain
– Unintended weight loss
– Erectile dysfunction
When to See a Doctor?
Consult your doctor if you have any persistent or worrying symptoms.
Causes
Prostate cancer develops when DNA alterations in prostate cells cause uncontrolled growth and division.
These aberrant cells form a tumour, which can infiltrate surrounding tissues and spread to other parts of the body.
Risk Factors:
– **Age**: Risks rise with age, particularly beyond 50.
– **Race**: Black people are at a higher risk of violent behaviour.
– **Family History**: Increased risk if relatives have prostate cancer or if you have the BRCA1/BRCA2 mutations.
– **Obesity**: May raise the risk and likelihood of aggressive cancer, while evidence is conflicting.
Complications
– **Metastasis**: Cancer can spread to other organs, bones, or tissues, resulting in pain and possible fractures.
– **Incontinence**: Both cancer and its therapies can cause urinary problems, which can be treated with medicines, catheters, or surgical procedures.
– **Erectile Dysfunction**: This condition can be caused by cancer or its therapies, which include drugs, gadgets, or surgery.
Prevention
– **Healthy Diet**: Consume an assortment of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. While nutrition alone may not prevent prostate cancer, it does promote general health.
– **Avoid Supplements**: There is no evidence that supplements lower risk. Concentrate on nutrient-dense foods.
– **Regular Exercise**: Strive for regular physical activity to maintain your weight and overall health.
– **Healthy Weight**: Maintain or reach a healthy weight with food and activity.
– **Risk Assessment**: Discuss with your doctor whether you are at high risk. Medications such as 5-alpha reductase inhibitors may lower risk but raise the risk of high-grade cancer.
